Learning English

آموزش زبان انگلیسی

Learning English

آموزش زبان انگلیسی

The New York Times Article - Meta Lays Off More Than 11,000 Employees



The parent of Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp reduced its workforce by 13 percent and extended a hiring freeze through the first quarter of next year.


Mark Zuckerberg, Meta’s chief executive, met with executives on Tuesday about the layoffs.


Since Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004, the Silicon Valley company has steadily hired more employees. At the end of September, it had amassed its largest-ever number of workers, totaling 87,314 people.


But on Wednesday, the company — now renamed Meta — began cutting jobs, and deeply.


Meta said it was laying off more than 11,000 people, or about 13 percent of its workforce, in what amounted to the company’s most significant job cuts. The layoffs were made across departments and regions, with areas like recruiting and business teams affected more than others. The divisions that were not cut as steeply included engineers working on projects related to the metaverse, the immersive online world that Mr. Zuckerberg has bet big on, two people with knowledge of the matter said.


“I want to take accountability for these decisions and for how we got here,” Mr. Zuckerberg, 38, wrote in a letter to employees. “I know this is tough for everyone, and I’m especially sorry for those impacted.”


The cuts — nearly triple the number that Twitter slashed last week, though not as deep a percentage — represent a stunning reversal of fortune for a once high-flying company whose ambition and room for growth had seemed limitless. Meta spent lavishly over the years, accumulating users, buying companies such as Instagram and WhatsApp, and showering its employees with enviable perks. Not even scrutiny over its data privacy practices and the toxic content on its apps could dent its financial performance, as its stock continued climbing and its revenues soared. At one point last year, Meta was valued at $1 trillion.


But the company has struggled financially this year as it has tried to move into a new business — the immersive world of the so-called metaverse — while grappling with a global economic slowdown and a decline in digital advertising, the main source of its revenue. New competitors like TikTok emerged to capture a younger audience while Meta’s services lost their sheen. Last month, Meta posted a 50 percent slide in quarterly profits and its second straight sales decline, even as its spending soared by 19 percent. Its stock has dropped roughly 70 percent this year.


Mr. Zuckerberg attributed the cuts on Wednesday to growing too quickly during the pandemic when a surge in online commerce led to a big spike in revenue. He said he had thought the shift would be permanent, leading him to significantly increase spending. Meta’s number of employees at the end of September was 28 percent higher than a year earlier.


“Unfortunately, this did not play out the way I expected,” Mr. Zuckerberg said. “I got this wrong, and I take responsibility for that.”


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workforce

work‧force /ˈwɜːkfɔːs $ ˈwɜːrkfɔːrs/ ●○○ noun [singular]    all the people who work in a particular industry or company, or are available to work in a particular country or area → staff Women now represent almost 50% of the workforce. The company is cutting its workforce.skilled/educated/flexible etc workforce


hiring freeze
they're not hiring any more people

to freeze: to stop doing something



lay off

lay off phrasal verb
1 lay somebody ↔ off to stop employing someone because there is no work for them to do → lay-off
 The company laid off 250 workers in December. Millions of people have been laid off in the steel industry.
2 lay off (something) informal to stop using or doing something
 I think you’d better lay off alcohol for a while.
lay off doing something
 I had to lay off running for several months.
3 lay off (somebody) informal to stop annoying someone or hurting them
 Just lay off, will you! I wish he’d lay off me!
4 lay something ↔ off to pass the ball to someone in your team in a game such as football – used in sports reports
lay something off to somebody
 Murphy has the ball and then lays it off to Owen.



steadily

stead‧i‧ly /ˈstedəli/ ●●○ adverb    
1 gradually and continually
 The company’s exports have grown steadily. Debt was increasing steadily. The track climbs steadily.
2 in a calm way, without stopping
 He looked steadily at his uncle.


steep

steep1 /stiːp/ ●●○ S3 adjective (comparative steepersuperlative steepest)    
1 roadhill etc that is steep slopes at a high angle
 The road became rocky and steep. a steep climb to the top
2 steep pricescharges etc are unusually expensive OPP low
 steep rents
3 involving a big increase or decrease SYN sharp
 steep cuts in benefits
steep increase/rise
 a steep increase in house prices
steep decrease/drop
 a steep drop in orders
steeply adverbsteepness noun [uncountable]

steep2 verb [intransitive, transitive]    
1  be steeped in history/tradition/politics etc
2 to put food in a liquid and leave it there, so that it becomes soft or has the same taste as the liquid, or so that it gives the liquid its taste
 Leave the tea bag to steep.


slash

slash1 /slæʃ/ ●●○ verb    
1 [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] to cut or try to cut something violently with a knifesword etc
 Someone had slashed the tires.
slash at/through
 The leopard’s claws slashed through the soft flesh.
► see thesaurus at cut
2 [transitive] to greatly reduce an amountprice etc – used especially in newspapers and advertising SYN cut
 The workforce has been slashed by 50%.
► see thesaurus at reduce
3  slash your wrists


slash2 ●●○ noun [countable]    
1 quick movement that you make with a knife, sword etc in order to cut someone or something2 (also slash mark) a line (/) used in writing to separate words, numbers, or letters
3 a long narrow cut in something → gash
 Cut several slashes across the top of the loaf before baking.
4  have/take a slash


stunning

stun‧ning /ˈstʌnɪŋ/ ●○○ adjective    
1 extremely attractive or beautiful
 You look absolutely stunning in that dress. a stunning view
► see thesaurus at beautiful
2 very surprising or shocking SYN staggering
 stunning news
stunningly adverb
 a stunningly beautiful woman


stunning reversal of fortune

it's shocking that things went from good to bad.


once high-flying


once1 /wʌns/ ●●● S1 W1 adverb    
1 on one occasion only
 I’ve only met her once. Paul’s been to Wexford once before.
(just) the once British English spoken
 Mrs Peterson came in to see Ruth just the once.

once2 ●●● S1 W1 conjunction    

from the time when something happens
 Once I get him a job, he’ll be fine. Once in bed, the children usually stay there.


high-ˈflierhigh flyer noun [countable]    
someone who is extremely successful in their job or in schoolhigh-flying adjective



ambition

am‧bi‧tion /æmˈbɪʃən/ ●●○ W3 noun    
1 [countable] a strong desire to achieve something
an ambition to do something
 She had always had an ambition to be a pilot.
somebody’s ambitions of doing something
 An injury ended his ambitions of becoming a professional footballer.
► see thesaurus at aim
2 [uncountable] determination to be successfulrichpowerful etc
 He was young and full of ambition.


lavish

lav‧ish1 /ˈlævɪʃ/ ●○○ adjective    
1 large, impressive, or expensive
 a royal palace on a lavish scale lavish lifestyle The food was lavish.
2 very generous
lavish with/in
 We were always lavish with financial aid in times of crisis. He was always lavish in his praise of my efforts.
lavishly adverb
 their lavishly illustrated catalogue
lavishness noun [uncountable]


lavish2 ●○○ verb [transitive]    
to give someone or something a lot of love, praise, money etc
lavish something on/upon somebody
 He lavished attention on her.
lavish somebody with something
 Hug your children and lavish them with love.



enviable

en‧vi‧a‧ble /ˈenviəbəl/ adjective    
an enviable quality, position, or possession is good and other people would like to have it
 Now he was in the enviable position of not having to work for a living.
enviably adverb



perk

perk1 /pɜːk $ pɜːrk/ noun [countable usually plural]    
something that you get legally from your work in addition to your wages, such as goods, meals, or a car
 theatre tickets and other perks
perk of
 the perks of working at a large law firm
 I only eat here because it’s free – one of the perks of the job.

perk2 verb [intransitive, transitive]    
informal to percolate(3) perk up : Striped shirt and pink tie perked up a little.


scrutiny


scru‧ti‧ny /ˈskruːtɪni/ ●○○ noun [uncountable]    
careful and thorough examination of someone or something
careful/close scrutiny
 Careful scrutiny of the company’s accounts revealed a whole series of errors.
 Their activities have come under police scrutiny.



dent

dent1 /dent/ noun [countable]    
1 hollow area in the surface of something, usually made by something hitting it
dent in
 There was a large dent in the passenger door.
2 reduction in the amount of something
dent in
 The trip made a big dent in our savings. Eight years of effort have hardly put a dent in drug trafficking.


dent2 verb    
1 [intransitive, transitive] if you dent something, or if it dents, you hit or press it so that its surface is bent inwards
 No one was injured, but the car was scratched and dented.
2 [transitive] to damage or harm something
 The scandal has dented his reputation.



revenue

rev‧e‧nue /ˈrevənjuː $ -nuː/ ●○○ AWL noun [uncountable] (also revenues [plural])    
1 money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or services → income
 advertising revenue Strikes have cost £20 million in lost revenues.
2 money that the government receives from tax
 an increase in tax revenues of 8.4%




soar

soar /sɔː $ sɔːr/ ●○○ verb [intransitive]    
1 AMOUNTS/PRICES ETC to increase quickly to a high level OPP plummet
 Her temperature soared. The price of petrol has soared in recent weeks. soaring unemployment
► see thesaurus at increase
2 IN THE SKY
a) to fly, especially very high up in the skyfloating on air currents
 She watched the dove soar above the chestnut trees.
b) to go quickly upwards to a great height
 The ball soared to left field.
3 SPIRITS/HOPES if your spirits (=the way you are feeling, for example happy, sad etc) or hopes soar, you begin to feel very happy or hopeful OPP sink
 Adam’s smile sent her spirits soaring.
4 LOOK TALL [not in progressive] if buildingstreestowers etc soar, they look very tall and impressive SYN tower
 Here the cliffs soar a hundred feet above the sea. a soaring skyscraper



struggle

strug‧gle1 /ˈstrʌɡəl/ ●●○ W3 verb [intransitive]    
1 to try extremely hard to achieve something, even though it is very difficult
struggle to do something
 She’s struggling to bring up a family alone.
struggle with
 The airline is struggling with high costs.
struggle for
 Millions of people are struggling for survival.
struggle against
 Firms are struggling against a prolonged recession.
► see thesaurus at try
2
a) to fight someone who is attacking you or holding you, especially so that you can escape
struggle with
 James was hit in the mouth as he struggled with the burglars.
struggle to do something
 She struggled to free herself.
b) if two people struggle, they fight each other for something, especially something one of them is holding
struggle for
 They struggled for possession of the gun.
3 to move somewhere with great difficulty
struggle up/out of/into etc
 Walkers were struggling up the dusty track.
4 to be likely to fail, even though you are trying very hard
 The team has been struggling all season.a struggling artist/writer/business
 struggle on


struggle2 ●●○ W3 noun [countable]    
1 a long hard fight to get freedom, political rights etc
struggle for
 a struggle for survival
 power struggle between forces favoring and opposing change
2 a long period of time in which you try to deal with a difficult problem
struggle with/against
 She spoke of her struggles with shyness.
3 a fight between two people for something, or an attempt by one person to escape from the other
 Police said there were no signs of a struggle.
4  be a struggle (for somebody)



immersive

im‧mer‧sive /ɪˈmɜːsɪv $ -ɜːr-/ adjective    
making you feel you are really taking part in the events you are seeing on a screen or hearing about, or are really in a virtual environment
 immersive video games


grapple

grap‧ple /ˈɡræpəl/ verb [intransitive]    
to fight or struggle with someone, holding them tightly SYN wrestle
grapple with
 Two men grappled with a guard at the door.
 grapple with something



surge

surge1 /sɜːdʒ $ sɜːrdʒ/ ●○○ verb [intransitive]    
1 [always + adverb/preposition] to suddenly move very quickly in a particular direction
surge forward/through etc
 The taxi surged forward.
 The crowd surged through the gates.
2 (also surge up) if a feeling surges or surges up, you begin to feel it very strongly
 She could feel anger surging inside her.
3 [usually + adverb/preposition] if a large amount of a liquidelectricitychemical etc surges, it moves very quickly and suddenly
 A wave surged up towards them. Adrenalin surged through her veins.
4 to suddenly increase SYN shoot up
 Oil prices surged.

surge2 ●○○ noun [countable usually singular]    
1  a surge of something
2 sudden increase in amount or number
surge in/of
 a surge in food costs
 a surge of reporters’ interest in his finances
3 a sudden movement of a lot of people
surge of
 a surge of refugees into the country
4 a sudden quick movement of a liquid, electricity, chemical etc through something
 a device that protects your computer against electrical surges


play something ↔ out

play something ↔ out phrasal verb
1 if an event or situation is played out or plays itself out, it happens
 It will be interesting to see how the election plays itself out.
2 if people play out their dreamsfeelings etc, they express them by pretending that a particular situation is really happening
 The weekend gives you a chance to play out your fantasies.